Aim of I-LINK
The purpose of I-LINK is to help facilitate the sharing of knowledge and developments in the field of loneliness and isolation as well as the building of international connections.
Eligible members will be active researchers working in the field.
Goal of I-LINK
Loneliness resources
Welsh Government
- Tackling loneliness and social isolation through connected communities
- A strategy for tackling loneliness and social isolation and building stronger social connections
- Connected communities – Tackling loneliness and social isolation [in Wales]. Consultation ended in January 2019
National Academies: The Health and Medical Dimensions of Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults
- Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System
- National Academies: The Health and Medical Dimensions of Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults
Other
- A Connected Society: A Strategy for Tackling Loneliness – Laying the Foundations for Change, published October 2018, England
- A Connected Scotland: our strategy for tackling social isolation and loneliness and building stronger social connections, published in Dec 2018
- A Connected Island. An Ireland Free From Loneliness. A Report from the Loneliness Taskforce. Published in June 2018.
- Campaign to End Loneliness
- Loneliness and ageing: Ireland, North and South
- Loneliness and ageing: Ireland, North and South – Summary Report
Selected presentations: Loneliness in Later Life: Interventions – what works?: 5-7th December 2018, Belfast, Northern Ireland
The Institute of Public Health in Ireland (IPH) and the Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing at Ulster University co-hosted an international seminar on loneliness in December 2018.
Day 1
- Loneliness – a UK Perspective – what we know, what we think we know and what we don’t know: Prof Christina Victor – Brunel University London: Presentation
- Loneliness in Ireland and the Irish Migrants: Prof Gerry Leavey – Ulster University Presentation
- Loneliness in the Netherlands: Prof Theo van Tilburg – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam: Presentation
- Isolation and Loneliness – a US Perspective : Prof Jim Lubben – Boston College: Presentation
Day 2
- Opening address: Eddie Lynch – Commissioner for Older People for Northern Ireland: Presentation
- The Complexity of Loneliness in Later Life: Addressing the Issues: Prof Vanessa Burholt – Swansea University: Presentation
- A national response to loneliness and improving the health and wellbeing of older and vulnerable adults in Ireland: Sean Moynihan – ALONE: Presentation
- A model for addressing loneliness, isolation and improving health and wellbeing among men: Barry Sheridan – Men’s Sheds: Presentation
- Loneliness in later life – public health responses: Sarah Reid – Public Health Agency: Presentation
- The Role of the Health Professional in Loneliness Assessments: Prof Carla Perissinotto – University of California: Presentation
- Campaign to end loneliness: learning for research, policy and practice: Fiona Murphy – Campaign to end loneliness: Presentation
- Designing a new social infrastructure for 21st century needs: Prof Linda Fried – Columbia University: Presentation
Day 3
- A clinical experience of loneliness – reflections on learning: Dr Jeannette Golden – Mercers Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA): Presentation
- A public health approach to loneliness?: Prof Thomas Prohaska – George Mason University: Presentation
List of the most common scales for loneliness and isolation
| Name of scale | Format e.g. number of questions /type of questions | Comments | Web link |
Loneliness | |||
| The UCLA Loneliness scale (Russell, Peplau, Cutrona, 1980; Russell, 1996) | 20-items Negative phrasing | Widely used Long | http://bit.ly/381LJeq |
| ULCA 3-item revised version (Hughes, Waite, Hawkley, & Cacioppo, 2004) | 3-items All 3-items negatively phrased. | Brief Widely used Most commonly used format of UCLA | http://bit.ly/35Z8f5O |
| The De Jong Gierveld 11-item loneliness scale (De Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis 1985) | 11-items (subscale…) No direct mention of loneliness. Five positively phrased and six negatively phrased items. Developed to measure the severity of feelings of loneliness. | Assess overall and social and emotional loneliness through subscales Widely used | http://bit.ly/2DQ8rbn |
| The De Jong Gierveld 6-item loneliness scale (De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg 1999; De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg 2010) | 6-items (subscale) No direct mention of loneliness. Three positively phrase and three negatively phrased items. | Assess overall and social and emotional loneliness through subscales Brief Widely used | http://bit.ly/2DQ8rbn |
| The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) (DiTommaso, Spinner et al. 1993) | 37-items | Distinguishes between social and emotional loneliness and further distinguishes two domains of emotional loneliness, (family and romantic). Long Less widely used | http://bit.ly/350xDb6 |
The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) (DiTommaso, Brannen-McNulty et al. 2003) 15-item revised version | 15-items | Distinguishes between social and emotional loneliness and further distinguishes two domains of emotional loneliness, (family and romantic) Less widely used | http://bit.ly/2DJ5AB5 |
| The Campaign to End Loneliness Measurement tool (CEL 2015) | 3-items Developed particularly for services rather than researchers. No direct mention of loneliness. All questions positively worded. | Short and easy to use Sensitively worded Developed through extensive research and consultation and designed to be as inclusive and widely useful as possible Not yet been as rigorously academically evaluated | http://bit.ly/33QLlfs |
Social Isolation | |||
| The Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS) (Lubben & Gironda 2003): | 12-item and short 6-item version. | Widely used Established validity and reliability | http://bit.ly/2RetIng |
| The Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI) | (Berkman & Syme 1979) assesses participation in 12 types of social relationships. These include relationships with a spouse, parents, parents-in-law, children, other close family members, close neighbours, friends, workmates, schoolmates, fellow volunteers, members of groups without religious affiliation, and religious groups. | Widely used Established validity and reliability | http://bit.ly/33IGqx6 |
| The Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) – | 10 item scale The 35-item Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) measures multiple dimensions of social support | http://bit.ly/34QnHRz | |
| Social Disconnectedness – 8-item scale (Cornwell and Waite, 2009) | Social Disconnectedness – 8-item scale (e.g., small social network, infrequent participation in social activities) (Cornwell and Waite, 2009) authors also include Perceived Isolation Scale); | Acceptable internal consistency demonstrated | http://bit.ly/2DKr40z |